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  2. Labeling theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labeling_theory

    Labeling theory was developed by sociologists during the 1960s. Howard Saul Becker's book Outsiders was extremely influential in the development of this theory and its rise to popularity. Labeling theory is also connected to other fields besides crime. For instance there is the labeling theory that corresponds to homosexuality. Alfred Kinsey ...

  3. Social determinants of mental health - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of...

    The second leading cause of global disability burden in 2020 was unipolar depression, and research showed that depression was twice as likely to be prevalent in women than in men. [9] [10] [13] Gender-based mental health disparities suggest that gender is a factor that could be leading to unequal health outcomes. [14]

  4. Affect labeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affect_Labeling

    Affect labeling has been shown to down-regulate activity in the amygdala, and this may be a result of the reduction of uncertainty of feelings. Evidence against this theory is the fact that while some emotions are characteristically uncertain, such as fear or anxiety, others tend to be more straightforward, e.g. sadness and anger.

  5. Stig-9 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stig-9

    Perceived mental illness stigma is a psychological construct. It is a key component of the modified labeling theory. [2] According to this theory, negative societal beliefs about people with mental disorders are part of western culture (e.g. people with mental disorders are seen as being less trustworthy, weak, less intelligent, and dangerous).

  6. Label (sociology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_(sociology)

    Labeling theory is a sociological theory that claims labels have a profound impact on individuals. Labeling theory is closely connected with criminology, and examines conceptualizations of deviance. While labeling theory is not singularly focused on the study of crime, it uses "deviance" and "the criminal" to explain the effect of labels. [2]

  7. Social stigma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stigma

    In Goffman's theory of social stigma, a stigma is an attribute, behavior, or reputation which is socially discrediting in a particular way: it causes an individual to be mentally classified by others in an undesirable, rejected stereotype rather than in an accepted, normal one.

  8. Minority stress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_stress

    For example, studies have shown that some individuals ruminate on experiences with prejudice, which is associated with anxiety and depression. [66] Similarly, minority stress research has revealed that internalized stigma (i.e., distaste for one's own minority group) is associated with negative psychological outcomes.

  9. Anxiety disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder

    Anxiety may cause physical and cognitive symptoms, such as restlessness, irritability, easy fatigue, difficulty concentrating, increased heart rate, chest pain, abdominal pain, and a variety of other symptoms that may vary based on the individual. [2] In casual discourse, the words anxiety and fear are often used