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Income statements may help investors and creditors determine the past financial performance of the enterprise, predict the future performance, and assess the capability of generating future cash flows using the report of income and expenses. It is very important for the business. However, information of an income statement has several limitations:
In a cash flow statement (flow of funds statement), expenditures are divided into three categories: Operating: Operational expense – salary for employees; Investing: Capital expenditure – buying equipment; Expenditures (financial) Financing expense – interest expense for loans and bonds
the income statement, also known as the statement of financial results, profit and loss account, or P&L; the balance sheet, also known as the statement of financial position; the cash flow statement; the statement of changes in equity, also known as the statement of total recognised gains and losses
Income is a short term inflow during the fiscal year. Expense is short term outflow during the fiscal year. An asset is a long term inflow with implications extending beyond the financial period and by the traditional view could represent unclaimed income. Alternatively, an asset could be valued at the present value of its future inflows.
In U.S. business and financial accounting, income is generally defined by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board as: Revenues – Expenses; however, many people use it as shorthand for net income, which is the amount of money that a company earns after covering all of its costs as well as taxes.
Capital expenditures either create cost basis or add to a preexisting cost basis and cannot be deducted in the year the taxpayer pays or incurs the expenditure. [3] In terms of its accounting treatment, an expense is recorded immediately and impacts directly the income statement of the company, reducing its net profit.
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