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An AC adapter or AC/DC adapter (also called a wall charger, power adapter, power brick, or wall wart) [1] is a type of external power supply, often enclosed in a case similar to an AC plug. [2] AC adapters deliver electric power to devices that lack internal components to draw voltage and power from mains power themselves.
The standard defines an AC adapter to power devices requiring from 10 W to 130 W (~20 V × 6.5 A) or (extended voltage option) up to 240 W (60 V × 4 A). [2] A new connector (that does not mate with any previously existing connector) is proposed for a lifetime of about ten years with multiple brands and models. [3]
An AC adapter is a power supply built into an AC mains power plug. AC adapters are also known by various other names such as "plug pack" or "plug-in adapter", or by slang terms such as "wall wart". AC adapters typically have a single AC or DC output that is conveyed over a hardwired cable to a connector, but some adapters have multiple outputs ...
The first stage is referred to as "bulk absorption"; the charging current is held high and constant and is limited by the capacity of the charger. When the voltage on the battery reaches its outgassing voltage (2.22 volts per cell) the charger switches to the second stage, and the voltage is held constant (2.40 volts per cell).
For the 12 volt systems, the center contact is the positive terminal and the shell is the negative terminal. Most automobiles connect the negative terminal to the frame of the vehicle (negative ground). 12 volt auto connectors are made to comply with a standard by Underwriters Laboratories for safety. UL2089 was developed to cover the ...
For example, a 900-watt power supply with the 80 Plus Silver efficiency rating (which means that such a power supply is designed to be at least 85% efficient for loads above 180 W) may only be 73% efficient when the load is lower than 100 W, which is a typical idle power for a desktop computer. Thus, for a 100 W load, losses for this supply ...
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