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The Khmer Empire was a Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia, centered around hydraulic cities in what is now northern Cambodia. Known as Kambuja ( Old Khmer : កម្វុជ ; Khmer : កម្ពុជ ) by its inhabitants, it grew out of the former civilization of Chenla and lasted from 802 to 1431.
The history of Cambodia, a country in mainland Southeast Asia, can be traced back to Indian civilization. [1] [2] Detailed records of a political structure on the territory of what is now Cambodia first appear in Chinese annals in reference to Funan, a polity that encompassed the southernmost part of the Indochinese peninsula during the 1st to 6th centuries.
In the 12th century, the Chams fought a series of wars with the Khmer Empire to the west. In 1177, the Chams and their allies launched an attack from the lake Tonlé Sap and managed to sack the Khmer capital of Angkor. In 1181, however, they were defeated by the Khmer King Jayavarman VII.
In a Khmer Buddhist monk's vision, the Khmer have inhabited the land of Kampuchea Krom since it first emerged from the ocean thousands of years ago as a fragrant and glowing land that attracted the teovada, celestial beings who ate the sweet earth and were subsequently unable to fly back to their world, thus staying on earth as the first humans. [1]
Khmer King Ang Chan I (1516-1566) is said to have moved and founded the new capital north of Phnom Penh to Longvek on the banks of the Tonle Sap River. Trade was an essential feature, although they seem to have a secondary role in the Asian commercial domain in the 16th century, Cambodian ports did indeed develop.
Buddha in Longvek, 16th century, at Kampong Chhnang Pagoda. Ang Chan I or Chan Reachea the Great (Khmer: ចន្ទរាជា, Candarājā; 1486–1566) was a Cambodian king who reigned from 1516 to 1566.
The Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594), was a military conflict fought between the Ayutthaya Kingdom and the Kingdom of Cambodia.The war began in 1591 when Ayutthaya invaded Cambodia in response to continuous Khmer raids into their territory.
While Jayavarman II was credited for the founding of the Khmer Empire ca. 800 AD, Indravarman I was credited for an extensive building program. He set the foundations for the future Angkorian kings to follow. The king's first act was to perform a public service for his subjects by building an irrigation network for the rice fields.