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These direct operations make up less than 2% of total emissions from producing and burning tar sands oil, according to a company brochure, while combustion accounts for about 70%.
The Athabasca oil sands, also known as the Athabasca tar sands, are large deposits of oil sands rich in bitumen, a heavy and viscous form of petroleum, in northeastern Alberta, Canada. These reserves are one of the largest sources of unconventional oil in the world, making Canada a significant player in the global energy market.
Canadian oil sands are much colder and more biodegraded, so bitumen recovery rates are usually only about 5–6%. Historically, primary recovery was used in the more fluid areas of Canadian oil sands. However, it recovered only a small fraction of the oil in place, so it is not often used today. [61]
(The data below does not seem to include shale oil and other unconventional sources of oil such as tar sands. For instance, North America has over 3 trillion barrels of shale oil reserves, [ citation needed ] and the majority of oil produced in the US is from shale, leading to the paradoxical data below that the US will finish all its oil at ...
The Tar Sand Triangle is the largest deposit of oil sands in the United States known today. It contains about 6.3 billion barrels of heavy oil, but is thought to have originally held more. At one point the Tar Sand Triangle could have consisted of 16 billion barrels of heavy oil, almost as much as in Utah today. [3]
Bitumen also occurs in unconsolidated sandstones known as "oil sands" in Alberta, Canada, and the similar "tar sands" in Utah, US. The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves, in three huge deposits covering 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England or New York state .
However the biggest constraint on oil sands development is a serious labor and housing shortage in Alberta as a whole and the oil sands centre of Fort McMurray in particular. According to Statistics Canada , by September, 2006 unemployment rates in Alberta had fallen to record low levels [ 7 ] and per-capita incomes had risen to double the ...
Venezuela has non-conventional oil deposits (extra-heavy crude oil, bitumen and tar sands) at 1,200 billion barrels (1.9 × 10 11 m 3) approximately equal to the world's reserves of conventional oil. About 267 billion barrels (4.24 × 10 10 m 3 ) of this may be producible at current prices using current technology. [ 2 ]