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Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder (cystitis) or urethra while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). [10] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful urination ( dysuria ), frequency and urgency of urination despite having an empty bladder. [ 1 ]
For the treatment of simple cystitis in children, a five-day oral course of cephalexin is the preferred choice. As for children with suspected pyelonephritis, a ten-day treatment regimen is recommended. In such cases, a third-generation cephalosporin, such as cefdinir, is suggested as an appropriate option.
Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by urinalysis. [2] If there is no improvement with treatment, medical imaging may be recommended. [2] Pyelonephritis may be preventable by urination after sex and drinking sufficient fluids. [1] Once present it is generally treated with antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone.
Symptomatic bacteriuria is bacteriuria with the accompanying symptoms of a urinary tract infection (such as frequent urination, painful urination, fever, back pain, abdominal pain and blood in the urine) and includes pyelonephritis or cystitis. [11] The most common cause of urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli. [citation needed]
When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a bladder infection (cystitis) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as a kidney infection (pyelonephritis). [9] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with urination, frequent urination, and feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder. [8]
Even when caught early, aggressive treatment is required. [6] Antibiotics are proven to cure Emphysematous cystitis over time and reduce the amount of gas inside the bladder wall. Prognosis is poor if antibiotics are not used to treat the patient. Additional treatment consists of urinary drainage and good control of blood glucose.
Cystitis cystica is an uncommon chronic reactive inflammatory disease that is believed to be brought on by a tumor, calculi, infection, or obstruction of the urothelium. [1] Cystitis glandularis is a proliferative progression of cystitis cystica that is distinguished by urothelial glandular metaplasia.
About 150 million people develop a urinary tract infection in a given year. [5] They are more common in women than men. [3] Up to 10% of women have a urinary tract infection in a given year, and half of women have at least one infection at some point in their lifetime.