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The Holy Roman Empire, [f] also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. [16] It developed in the Early Middle Ages and lasted for approximately a thousand years until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars .
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German kingdom (blue) in the Holy Roman Empire around 1000. This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (Latin: Regnum Teutonicum), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918:
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum; German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period [1] (Latin: Imperator Germanorum; German: Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Holy Roman Empire was a complex political entity that existed in central Europe for most of the medieval and early modern periods. The States of the Empire, while enjoying a unique form of territorial authority (called Landeshoheit ) that granted them many attributes of sovereignty, were never fully sovereign states as the term is ...
The House of Habsburg-Lorraine retained Austria and attached possessions after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire; see below. A son of Leopold II was Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria whose wife was from the House of Savoy ; a daughter Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia was the wife of King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia and King of Italy .
Quarterly 1 and 4 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (Palatinate), 2 and 3 fusilly bendwise azure and argent (Bavaria), overall gules, a crown of Charlemagne or, which is the heraldic augmentation for the archtreasurer of the Holy Roman Empire. [35] Counts palatine of Neuburg from 1574 to 1688.
In 1535 the vacant duchy was annexed by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Philip II, Duke (1555–1598) Philip II, Duke (1598–1621) From 1556 to 1707 Milan was ruled in personal union with Spain. Duchy of Modena (complete list) – Cesare, Duke (1597–1628) Principality of Orange (complete list) – John IV, Prince (1475–1502)