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A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules. One or more lung nodules can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays [3] and around 1% of CT ...
AAH is a pre-malignant cause of nodular GGO and is more commonly associated with lower attenuation on CT and smaller nodule size (<10 mm) compared to adenocarcinoma. [10] In addition, AAH often lacks the solid features and spiculated appearance that are often associated with malignant growths. [9]
3. Nodule with poorly defined margins - Round density within the lung parenchyma, also called a tuberculoma. Nodules included in this category are those with margins that are indistinct or poorly defined (tree-in-bud sign [3]). The surrounding haziness can be either subtle or readily apparent and suggests coexisting airspace consolidation.
Axial CT-image in lung window setting shows a 2.6 cm lesion with spiculated morphology, pleural tags and centrally small lucent foci, corresponding to the so-called “bubble-like-lucencies”. In the periphery of the lesion there are some small foci of ground glass appearance.
The evaluation of a skin nodule includes a description of its appearance, its location, how it feels to touch and any associated symptoms which may give clues to an underlying medical condition. [4] Often discovered unintentionally on a chest x-ray, a single nodule in the lung requires assessment to exclude cancer. [9]
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the lung —previously included in the category of "bronchioloalveolar carcinoma" (BAC)—is a subtype of lung adenocarcinoma.It tends to arise in the distal bronchioles or alveoli and is defined by a non-invasive growth pattern.
Nodules less than 1 cm from the trachea, main bronchi, oesophagus, and central vessels should be excluded from RFA given high risk of complications and frequent incomplete ablation. Additionally, lesions greater than 5 cm should be excluded and lesions 3 to 5 cm should be considered with caution given high risk of recurrence. [ 39 ]
Caplan syndrome is a nodular condition of the lung occurring in dust-exposed persons with either a history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or who subsequently develop RA within the following 5–10 years. [3] The nodules in the lung typically occur bilaterally and peripherally, on a background of simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis. There are ...