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A copy made with carbon paper. Before the development of photographic copiers, a carbon copy was the under-copy of a typed or written document placed over carbon paper and the under-copy sheet itself (not to be confused with the carbon print family of photographic reproduction processes). [1]
Methods of copying handwritten letters Manifold stylographic writer, using early "carbonic paper" Letter copying book process; Mechanical processes Tracing to make accurate hand-drawn copies; Pantograph, manual device for making drawn copies without tracing, can also enlarge or reduce; Printmaking, which includes engraving and etching
A copying clerk would begin by counting the number of master letters to be written during the next few hours and by preparing the copying book. Suppose the clerk wanted to copy 20 one-page letters. In that case, he would insert a sheet of oiled paper into the copying book in front of the first tissue on which he wanted to make a copy of a letter.
The hectograph, gelatin duplicator or jellygraph is a printing process that involves transfer of an original, prepared with special inks, to a pan of gelatin or a gelatin pad pulled tight on a metal frame. [1] While the original use of the technology has diminished, it has recently been revived for use in the art world.
There have been some experimental uses of carbon paper in art: as a surface for painting and mail art (to decorate envelopes). Carbon paper is commonly used to transfer patterns onto glass in the creation of stained glass. [7] Carbon paper disks are still used in school physics labs as part of experiments on projectile motion and position. [8]
Carbonless copying provides an alternative to the use of carbon copying. Carbonless copy paper has micro-encapsulated dye or ink on the back side of the top sheet, and a clay coating on the front side of the bottom sheet. When pressure is applied (from writing or impact printing), the dye capsules rupture and react with the clay to duplicate ...
More generally one can define the notion of an n-sheaf or n–1 stack, which is roughly a sort of sheaf taking values in n–1 categories. There are several inequivalent ways of doing this. 1-sheaves are the same as sheaves, and 2-sheaves are the same as stacks. They are called higher stacks.
Chromosome conformation capture carbon copy (5C) detects interactions between all restriction fragments within a given region, with this region's size typically no greater than a megabase. [2] [20] This is done by ligating universal primers to all fragments. However, 5C has relatively low coverage.