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The coccyx (pl.: coccyges or coccyxes), commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the vertebral column in all apes, [1] and analogous structures in certain other mammals such as horses. In tailless primates (e.g. humans and other great apes) since Nacholapithecus (a Miocene hominoid), [2] [3] the coccyx is the remnant of a ...
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The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.
It stretches from median sacral crest [3] and the free margin of the sacral hiatus [1] to the dorsal surface of the coccyx. [ 1 ] The lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments run from the lower lateral angles of the sacrum to the transverse processes of the first coccygeal vertebra to complete the foramina for the last sacral nerve . [ 1 ]
Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna; pelvis at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (femalepelvicdiaphragm, malepelvicdiaphragm) Coccyx pain, tailbone pain, coccydynia (Peer-reviewed medical chapter, available free online at eMedicine)
the coccyx (tailbone) below the ilium portion of the hip bone on either side Rotation of the sacrum superiorly and anteriorly whilst the coccyx moves posteriorly relative to the ilium is sometimes called "nutation" (from the Latin term nutatio which means "nodding") and the reverse, postero-inferior motion of the sacrum relative to the ilium ...
Coccyx/tailbone (os coccygis) Dotted. Linea terminalis of the pelvic brim. The hip bone is formed by three parts: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. At birth, these three components are separated by hyaline cartilage. They join each other in a Y-shaped portion of cartilage in the acetabulum.
"Ganglion Impar Injections to Treat Tailbone Pain" at www.TailboneDoctor.com "Treatment of coccydynia by injection of local anesthetic to the ganglion impar", at coccyx.org; figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM: Basic Human Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School; Tailbone pain (coccyx pain, coccydynia) Peer-reviewed medical article online at eMedicine ...