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Hawaiian Pidgin (alternately, Hawaiʻi Creole English or HCE, known locally as Pidgin) is an English-based creole language spoken in Hawaiʻi.An estimated 600,000 residents of Hawaiʻi speak Hawaiian Pidgin natively and 400,000 speak it as a second language.
Niʻihau dialect (Standard Hawaiian: ʻŌlelo Niʻihau, Niʻihau: Olelo Matuahine, lit. 'mother tongue') is a dialect of the Hawaiian language spoken on the island of Niʻihau , more specifically in its only settlement Puʻuwai , and on the island of Kauaʻi , specifically near Kekaha , where descendants of families from Niʻihau now live.
The island name was first written in English in 1778 by British explorer James Cook and his crew members. They wrote it as "Owhyhee" or "Owhyee". It is written "Oh-Why-hee" on the first map of Sandwich Islands engraved by Tobias Conrad Lotter in 1781. [15] Explorers Mortimer (1791) and Otto von Kotzebue (1821) used that spelling. [16]
A creole language is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages. Unlike a pidgin, a simplified form that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups, a creole language is a complete language, used in a community and acquired by children as their native language.
The Polynesian languages form a genealogical group of languages, itself part of the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family.. There are 38 Polynesian languages, representing 7 percent of the 522 Oceanic languages, and 3 percent of the Austronesian family. [1]
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties may not be. [1]
Outside the triangle, there are traces of Polynesian settlement as far north as Necker Island (Mokumanamana), as far east as Salas y Gómez Island (Motu Motiro Hiva), and as far south as Enderby Island . Also, there have once been Polynesian settlements on Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands . By the time the Europeans first arrived, these ...
Schütz [15] conjectured that a t-dialect existed in the northwestern islands, and a k-dialect in the southeastern islands. As of the 1820s, the [k] variant was becoming dominant on Oʻahu. [ 9 ] Helen Heffron Roberts documented a sound between that of English th , [ θ ] or [ ð ] , and [ z ] in free variation with [ k ] among elders from ...