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It combines both an electric scalar potential and a magnetic vector potential into a single four-vector. [ 1 ] As measured in a given frame of reference , and for a given gauge , the first component of the electromagnetic four-potential is conventionally taken to be the electric scalar potential, and the other three components make up the ...
Thaumaturgy, in this context, is the application of these principles to achieve tangible results, whether in the form of creating alchemical elixirs, talismans, or achieving spiritual goals. [15] Crowley also elaborates on these alchemical principles in Magick (Book 4) , particularly in his discussions on the symbolic and practical uses of ...
The most common description of the electromagnetic field uses two three-dimensional vector fields called the electric field and the magnetic field. These vector fields each have a value defined at every point of space and time and are thus often regarded as functions of the space and time coordinates. As such, they are often written as E(x, y ...
Authentic Thaumaturgy is a set of rules for portraying magic in role-playing games, written by Isaac Bonewits. The first edition was published by Chaosium in 1978. [ 1 ] A substantially expanded edition was published by Steve Jackson Games in 1998.
In gamma-ray astronomy, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are immensely energetic explosions that have been observed in distant galaxies, being the brightest and most extreme explosive events in the entire universe, [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] as NASA describes the bursts as the "most powerful class of explosions in the universe". [ 4 ]
Quantal release is the mechanism by which most traditional endogenous neurotransmitters are transmitted throughout the body. The aggregate sum of many MEPPs is an end plate potential (EPP). A normal end plate potential usually causes the postsynaptic neuron to reach its threshold of excitation and elicit an action potential. [1]
All-or-none law. In physiology, the all-or-none law (sometimes the all-or-none principle or all-or-nothing law) is the principle that if a single nerve fibre is stimulated, it will always give a maximal response and produce an electrical impulse of a single amplitude. If the intensity or duration of the stimulus is increased, the height of the ...
Bursting. Bursting, or burst firing, is an extremely diverse [1] general phenomenon of the activation patterns of neurons in the central nervous system [2][3] and spinal cord [4] where periods of rapid action potential spiking are followed by quiescent periods much longer than typical inter-spike intervals. Bursting is thought to be important ...