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Four cardinal virtues; Louvre, Paris. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection. In many churches and artwork the Cardinal Virtues are depicted with symbolic items: [citation needed] Justice sword, balance and scales, a crown Temperance wheel, bridle and reins, vegetables and fish, cup, water and wine in two jugs Fortitude
Temperance (virtue) Temperance in its modern use is defined as moderation or voluntary self-restraint. [ 1 ] It is typically described in terms of what a person voluntarily refrains from doing. [ 2 ] This includes restraint from revenge by practicing mercy and forgiveness, restraint from arrogance by practicing humility and modesty, restraint ...
The term "cardinal virtues" (virtutes cardinales) was first used by the 4th-century theologian Ambrose, [1] who defined the four virtues as "temperance, justice, prudence, and fortitude". [2] These were also named as cardinal virtues by Augustine of Hippo , and were subsequently adopted by the Catholic Church .
The fourth wall containing the Virtues addresses both the civil law of the secular state and the canon law of the Church. [3] Accordingly, three classical cardinal virtues (Fortitude, Prudence and Temperance) are attended by five putti, three of whom depict the theological virtues of Charity, Hope, and Faith. [4] On the left, Raphael painted ...
Through the writings of Lactantius, St. Ambrose and St. Augustine, the virtue's meaning as temperance or "proper mixture" became the dominant view in subsequent Western European thought. [15] Sophrosyne, according to St. Thomas Aquinas, is the fourth and final cardinal virtue. [16]
Virtues are traits or qualities which dispose one to conduct oneself in a morally good manner. Traditionally the theological virtues have been named faith, hope, and charity (love). They are coupled with the four natural or cardinal virtues, and opposed to the seven deadly sins. The medieval Catholic philosopher Thomas Aquinas explained that ...
Rather than discussing only four "cardinal virtues" of Plato (courage, temperance, justice, and prudence), all three of the ethical works start with courage and temperance as the two typical moral virtues which can be described as a mean, go on to discuss a whole range of minor virtues and vices which can be described as a mean, and only after ...
Discussion of what were known as the four cardinal virtues—wisdom, justice, fortitude, and temperance—can be found in Plato's Republic. The virtues also figure prominently in Aristotle's ethical theory found in Nicomachean Ethics. [7] Virtue theory was inserted into the study of history by moralistic historians such as Livy, Plutarch, and ...