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MARC 21 is based on the NISO/ANSI standard Z39.2, which allows users of different software products to communicate with each other and to exchange data. [3] MARC 21 allows the use of two character sets, either MARC-8 or Unicode encoded as UTF-8. MARC-8 is based on ISO 2022 and allows the use of Hebrew, Cyrillic, Arabic, Greek, and East Asian ...
The MARC-8 charset is a MARC standard used in MARC-21 library records. [1] The MARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form, and they are frequently used in library database systems .
ISO 2709 is an ISO standard for bibliographic descriptions, titled Information and documentation—Format for information exchange. [ 1 ] It is maintained by the Technical Committee for Information and Documentation ( TC 9846 ).
By 1971, MARC formats had become the national standard for dissemination of bibliographic data in the United States, and the international standard by 1973. In a provocatively titled 2002 article, library technologist Roy Tennant argued that "MARC Must Die", noting that the standard was old; used only within the library community; and designed ...
[note 2] For a complete and up-to-date list of all the ISO standards, see the ISO catalogue. [1] The standards are protected by copyright and most of them must be purchased. However, about 300 of the standards produced by ISO and IEC's Joint Technical Committee 1 have been made freely and publicly available. [2]
As an XML schema it is intended to be able to carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records as well as to enable the creation of original resource description records. It includes a subset of MARC fields and uses language-based tags rather than numeric ones, in some cases regrouping elements from the MARC 21 bibliographic format.
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MARC standards, a data format used for library cataloging, MARC Train, a regional commuter rail system of the State of Maryland, serving Maryland, Washington, D.C., and eastern West Virginia; MARC (archive), a computer-related mailing list archive; M/A/R/C Research, a marketing research and consulting firm