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The ASTM International F42 standards committee has grouped selective laser melting into the category of "laser sintering", although this is an acknowledged misnomer because the process fully melts the metal into a solid homogeneous fully dense mass, unlike selective laser sintering (SLS) which is a true sintering process. Another name for ...
An SLS machine being used at the Centro de Pesquisas Renato Archer in Brazil.. Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that uses a laser as the power and heat source to sinter powdered material (typically nylon or polyamide), aiming the laser automatically at points in space defined by a 3D model, binding the material together to create a solid structure.
Other trademarked techniques include direct metal deposition (DMD) and laser consolidation (LC). Compared to processes that use powder beds, such as selective laser melting (SLM) objects created with this technology can be substantially larger, even up to several feet long.
A variety of Selective Laser Melting machines with laser outputs from 100 to 2800 Watt are sold, the latter distributed on four lasers. According to manufacturer specifications, the top model is the currently (April 2014) highest-performing metal 3D printer on the market and cost approximately 1.5 million euros. [1]
Lasers of up to 2 kW are used for selective laser melting of metals in additive layered manufacturing. In aerospace applications, they can be used to drill cooling holes for enhanced air flow/heat exhaust efficiency. [citation needed] Nd:YAG lasers are also used in the non-conventional rapid prototyping process laser engineered net shaping (LENS).
Another commonly used method is fused deposition modeling (FDM), in which a moving head creates a layer by melting the model material (usually a polymer) and extrudes the melted material onto a surface. Other methods such as selective laser sintering (SLS) are also used in the additive manufacturing of 3D microstructures. [1]
Sintering begins when sufficient temperatures have been reached to mobilize the active elements in the ceramic material, which can start below their melting point (typically at 50–80% of their melting point [4]), e.g. as premelting. When sufficient sintering has taken place, the ceramic body will no longer break down in water; additional ...
These techniques include selective laser sintering, with both metals and polymers and direct metal laser sintering. [125] Selective laser melting does not use sintering for the fusion of powder granules but will completely melt the powder using a high-energy laser to create fully dense materials in a layer-wise method that has mechanical ...