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The C0 and C1 control code or control character sets define control codes for use in text by computer systems that use ASCII and derivatives of ASCII. The codes represent additional information about the text, such as the position of a cursor, an instruction to start a new line, or a message that the text has been received.
For example, the key labelled "Backspace" typically produces code 8, "Tab" code 9, "Enter" or "Return" code 13 (though some keyboards might produce code 10 for "Enter"). Many keyboards include keys that do not correspond to any ASCII printable or control character, for example cursor control arrows and word processing functions.
A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the format &#nnnn; or &#xhhhh; where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form.
This page lists codes for keyboard characters, the computer code values for common characters, such as the Unicode or HTML entity codes (see below: Table of HTML values"). There are also key chord combinations, such as keying an en dash ('–') by holding ALT+0150 on the numeric keypad of MS Windows computers.
However, in character encodings used on modern devices such as UTF-8 or CP-1252, those codes are often used for other purposes, so only the 2-byte sequence is typically used. In the case of UTF-8, representing a C1 control code via the C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement block results in a different two-byte code (e.g. 0xC2,0x8E for U+008E ...
Code Result Description Acronym C0 controls U+0000 Null character: NUL U+0001 Start of Heading: SOH U+0002 Start of Text: STX U+0003 End-of-text character: ETX U+0004 End-of-transmission character: EOT U+0005 Enquiry character: ENQ U+0006 Acknowledge character: ACK U+0007 Bell character: BEL U+0008 Backspace: BS U+0009 Horizontal tab: HT U+000A ...
An early typewriter with a backspacer[sic] key.(Blickensderfer Model 7)Although the term "backspace" is the traditional name of the key which steps the carriage back and/or [note 3] deletes the previous character, typically to the left of the cursor, the actual key may be labeled in a variety of ways, for example delete, [1] erase, [note 4] or with a left pointing arrow. [3]
Generally, an escape character is not a particular case of (device) control characters, nor vice versa.If we define control characters as non-graphic, or as having a special meaning for an output device (e.g. printer or text terminal) then any escape character for this device is a control one.