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Porcelain and stoneware are fired at the highest temperatures between 1200–1400°C or 2192–2552°F. Porcelain clay mixtures are fired to create a non-porous and very hard surface. [ 3 ] : p.98 However, the materials also create a very brittle surface which increases the potential for chips, cracks and breaks.
A bisque doll or porcelain doll is a doll made partially or wholly out of bisque or biscuit porcelain. Bisque dolls are characterized by their realistic, skin-like matte finish. They had their peak of popularity between 1860 and 1900 with French and German dolls. Bisque dolls are collectible, and antique dolls can be worth thousands of dollars.
Many, like Simon & Halbig, came from the Thuringia region, which has natural deposits of the clay used to make the dolls. [1] [3] Simon & Halbig was known for excellent sculpting of their doll heads, and the high quality of their bisque (porcelain). [4] German childlike dolls were predominantly produced between 1890 and 1930. [3]
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Porcelain and Low-Fire Doll Making (1973) The Doll House Doll: Directions for Making Dolls (1977) The Doll Makers Work Book: French Dolls (1977) The Doll Makers Work Book: Baby Dolls, Volume I: German Dolls (1978) Making Reproduction Dolls for Profit (1979) Project-Milettes: Clones of Small French dolls (1982) Doll Collecting for Fun & Profit ...
China dolls, 1850-1870 - Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium . A china doll is a doll made partially or wholly out of glazed porcelain. The name comes from china being used to refer to the material porcelain. [1] Colloquially the term china doll is sometimes used to refer to any porcelain or bisque doll, but more specifically it describes only ...
In 1884 he bought the toy factory of Mathias Lambert in Sonneberg. He started producing porcelain dolls' heads in 1885, when he acquired the Liebermann & Wegescher porcelain factory in Köppelsdorf. In 1919 the firm merged with Ernst Heubach but they separated in 1932. The combined firm was known as the "Vereinigte Köppelsdorf Porzellanfabrik ...
New Hall porcelain; Plymouth Porcelain; Rockingham Pottery; Royal Crown Derby, (1750/57–present) Royal Doulton, (1815–2009 acquired by Fiskars) Royal Worcester, (1751–2008 acquired by Portmeirion Pottery) Spode, (1767–2008 acquired by Portmeirion Pottery) Saint James's Factory (or "Girl-in-a-Swing", 1750s) Swansea porcelain; Vauxhall ...