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Topol-M launch from silo Minuteman III launch from Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, United States of America on 9 February 2023.. An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than 5,500 kilometres (3,400 mi), [1] primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads).
What are ICBMs? Intercontinental ballistic missiles are strategic weapons designed to deliver long-distance nuclear warheads and are an important part of Russia’s nuclear deterrent.
France's proximity to Russia made only Intermediate-range ballistic missiles and Submarine-launched ballistic missiles necessary for strategic deterrence, while smaller warheads have been used as free-fall bombs and on airborne cruise missiles or short-range ballistic missiles (Pluton and Hadès).
[30] [31] They argue that the current ICBMs, first introduced in the 1970s, have had their life extended long enough and need to be replaced with a modular system in which components are easier to replace or update. In defending the importance of land-based missiles, supporters say they are the least expensive leg of the nuclear triad because ...
MIRV land-based ICBMs were considered destabilizing because they tended to put a premium on striking first. [17] The world's first MIRV—US Minuteman III missile of 1970—threatened to rapidly increase the US's deployable nuclear arsenal and thus the possibility that it would have enough bombs to destroy virtually all of the Soviet Union's ...
This "stage-and-a-half" design was made possible by the extremely light weight balloon tanks. [13] The tanks made up such a small percentage of the total booster weight that the mass penalty of lifting them to orbit was less than the technical and mass penalty required to throw half of them away mid-flight.
The Martin Marietta SM-68A/HGM-25A Titan I was the United States' first multistage intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), in use from 1959 until 1962. Though the SM-68A was operational for only three years, it spawned numerous follow-on models that were a part of the U.S. arsenal and space launch capability.
It is often simply called a book club, a term that may cause confusion with a book sales club. Other terms include reading group , book group , and book discussion group . Book discussion clubs may meet in private homes, libraries , bookstores , online forums, pubs, and cafés, or restaurants, sometimes over meals or drinks.