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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA using base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. Learn about the major steps, regulation, and mechanisms of transcription in biology.
DNA synthesis is the creation of DNA molecules, either naturally or artificially. Learn about different types of DNA synthesis, such as replication, repair, reverse transcription, PCR, gene synthesis and more, and how they are used in various fields.
DNA is a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries genetic information for all living organisms and many viruses. Learn about the chemical structure, base pairing, replication, transcription and translation of DNA, as well as its evolution and uses in technology.
Learn about the process of copying genetic information from DNA into RNA in eukaryotic cells. Find out the roles and properties of the three nuclear RNA polymerases, the structure and function of eukaryotic promoters, and the stages of transcription initiation, elongation, and termination.
Several cell function specific transcription factor proteins (in 2018 Lambert et al. indicated there were about 1,600 transcription factors in a human cell [8]) generally bind to specific motifs on an enhancer [9] and a small combination of these enhancer-bound transcription factors, when brought close to a promoter by a DNA loop, govern the ...
Genomics is the study of the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes, which are the complete sets of DNA of an organism. Learn about the origins, methods, and applications of genomics, from the first nucleic acid sequences to the human genome project.
The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells. Learn about the etymology, history, types of RNA transcripts, and methods to study the transcriptome, such as DNA microarray and RNA-seq.
Learn about the chemical and physical properties of DNA and RNA, the four levels of nucleic acid structure, and the interactions between bases and metal ions. See examples of nucleic acid sequences, secondary structures, and complexes with alkali metal ions.