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Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]
Maternity support belts have not been shown to reduce low back pain in pregnancy. [16] Land or water based exercise may both prevent and treat lower back and pelvic pain, yet current research in this area is of low quality. [17] Carpal tunnel syndrome – Carpal tunnel syndrome can occur in up to 70% of pregnant women and typically has a benign ...
Once RLP has been diagnosed, there are many ways to reduce the pain without jeopardizing the pregnancy. Analgesics. Acetaminophen or paracetamol is safe to take during pregnancy, thus is the most commonly prescribed pain reliever for pregnant women with RLP. [5] Heat application. Applying a hot compress to the area of pain may give some relief.
Musculoskeletal disorders include lower-back pain, leg cramps, and hip pain. Pregnant women fall at a similar rate (27%) to women over age of 70 years (28%). Most of the falls (64%) occur during the second trimester. Additionally, two-thirds of falls are associated with walking on slippery floors, rushing, or carrying an object. [38]
GERD sometimes causes injury to the esophagus. These injuries may include one or more of the following: Reflux esophagitis – inflammation of esophageal epithelium which can cause ulcers near the junction of the stomach and esophagus [19] Esophageal strictures – the persistent narrowing of the esophagus caused by reflux-induced inflammation
HG is estimated to affect 0.3–2.0% of pregnant women, although some sources say the figure can be as high as 3%. [6] [9] [5] While previously known as a common cause of death in pregnancy, with proper treatment this is now very rare. [13] [14] Those affected have a lower risk of miscarriage but a higher risk of premature birth. [15]
First off, there are many possible causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy. These include intraabdominal diseases that arise incidentally during pregnancy as well as obstetric or gynecologic disorders associated with pregnancy. Secondly, pregnancy modifies the natural history and clinical manifestation of numerous abdominal disorders. [34]
For example, heartburn is a symptom in lymphocytic esophagitis, and proton pump inhibitors, which reduce acidity in the stomach, are consequently used for treatment. With respect to treatment of inflammation, steroids that are topical and coat the lining of the esophagus, such as budesonide have been used to treat the condition, in one German ...