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The patellar tendon is a strong, flat ligament, which originates on the apex of the patella distally and adjoining margins of the patella and the rough depression on its posterior surface; below, it inserts on the tuberosity of the tibia; its superficial fibers are continuous over the front of the patella with those of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris.
The most likely time for the patella to shift laterally is during the first 20–30 degrees of flexion as the quadriceps tighten simultaneously and pull the patella laterally. Beyond 30 degrees, the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament pull the patella posterior into the groove of the knee joint making lateral dislocation of the patella ...
An incision is made over the medial knee 4 cm medial to the patella, and extended distally 7 to 8 cm past the joint line, directly over the pes anserinus tendons. [ 27 ] Within the distal borders of the incision, the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons are found beneath the sartorius muscle fascia .
In running and jumping movements, extreme contraction of the knee extensors can result in avulsion fractures of the tuberosity apophysis. [3] A cast is all that is required if the fragment is not displaced from its normal position on the tibia. However, if the fracture fragment is displaced, then surgery is necessary to allow for normal ...
An angle greater than 25 degrees between the patellar tendon and quadriceps muscle can predispose a person to patellar dislocation. [11] In patella alta, the patella sits higher on the knee than normal. [11] Normal function of the VMO muscle (VMO) stabilizes the patella. Decreased VMO function results in instability of the patella.
Patellar tendon rupture can usually be diagnosed by physical examination. The most common signs are: tenderness, the tendon's loss of tone, loss of ability to raise the straight leg and observation of the high-riding patella. Radiographically, patella alta can be detected using the Insall and Salvati method when the patella is shorter than its ...
On a normal radiograph, the line intersects the inferior pole of the patella, and so can be useful in diagnosing a broken femur as well as a patellar tendon rupture. It also helps to define "Schottle point" intra-operatively for reconstruction of MPFL(Medial patello-femoral ligament.) [3] It may also be used to describe the course of an ACL graft.
Patellar overload syndrome, runner's knee, [1] retropatellar pain syndrome [1] Diagram of the bones of the lower extremity. Rough distribution of areas affected by PFPS highlighted in red: patella and distal femur. Specialty: Orthopedics, sports medicine: Symptoms: Pain in the front of the knee [1] Usual onset: Gradual [2] Causes: Unclear [1 ...