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  2. Specificity (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specificity_(linguistics)

    The former leads predominantly to a specific noun phrase. The latter can be either specific or non-specific. [1] I'm looking for the manager, Ms Lee. [definite, specific] I'm looking for the manager, whoever that may be. [definite, non-specific] There's a certain word that I can never remember. [indefinite, specific] Think of a word, any word.

  3. Clusivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusivity

    Inclusive "we" specifically includes the addressee, while exclusive "we" specifically excludes the addressee; in other words, two (or more) words that both translate to "we", one meaning "you and I, and possibly someone else", the other meaning "me and some other person or persons, but not you".

  4. Extensional and intensional definitions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensional_and_in...

    Definition by genus and difference, in which something is defined by first stating the broad category it belongs to and then distinguished by specific properties, is a type of intensional definition. As the name might suggest, this is the type of definition used in Linnaean taxonomy to categorize living things, but is by no means restricted to ...

  5. Sensitivity and specificity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity

    The sensitivity at line A is 100% because at that point there are zero false negatives, meaning that all the negative test results are true negatives. When moving to the right, the opposite applies, the specificity increases until it reaches the B line and becomes 100% and the sensitivity decreases.

  6. Statutory interpretation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_interpretation

    This canon is often used to narrow the interpretation of terms in a list. We understand words in an act, particularly listed in words, by considering the words surrounding them. If two or more words grouped together have similar meaning, but are not equally comprehensive, a more general word will be limited and qualified by a more specific one.

  7. Plain meaning rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_meaning_rule

    The plain meaning rule, also known as the literal rule, is one of three rules of statutory construction traditionally applied by English courts. [1] The other two are the "mischief rule" and the "golden rule". The plain meaning rule dictates that statutes are to be interpreted using the ordinary meaning of the language of the statute.

  8. Individual - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual

    Individuality (or self-hood) is the state or quality of living as an individual; particularly (in the case of humans) as a person unique from other people and possessing one's own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities. The concept of an individual features in many fields, including biology, law, and philosophy. Every individual ...

  9. Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/...

    So-called can mean commonly named, falsely named, or contentiously named, and it can be difficult to tell these apart. Simply called is preferable for the first meaning; detailed and attributed explanations are preferable for the others. Misused punctuation can also have similar effects.