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First Saturn IB launched from LC-39B. Stages 206-210 were produced in 1966/67 then stored at Huntington Beach until 1971. Refurbished and put through a second set of ground testing prior to being shipped to KSC. [1] S-IVB-207 Skylab 3, (crew to Skylab) July 28, 1973 Decayed from low Earth orbit S-IVB-208 Skylab 4, (crew to Skylab) November 16, 1973
Three variants of the Saturn family which were developed: Saturn I, Saturn IB, and Saturn V. The Saturn family of American rockets was developed by a team of former German rocket engineers and scientists led by Wernher von Braun to launch heavy payloads to Earth orbit and beyond. The Saturn family used liquid hydrogen as fuel in the upper stages.
The engine uses a gas-generator cycle developed in the United States in the late 1950s and was used in the Saturn V rocket in the 1960s and early 1970s. Five F-1 engines were used in the S-IC first stage of each Saturn V, which served as the main launch vehicle of the Apollo program.
As of 2024, the Saturn V remains the only launch vehicle to have carried humans beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). The Saturn V holds the record for the largest payload capacity to low Earth orbit, 311,152 lb (141,136 kg), which included unburned propellant needed to send the Apollo command and service module and Lunar Module to the Moon.
The Saturn C-8 was the largest member of the Saturn series of rockets to be designed. [1] It was a potential alternative to the Nova rocket, should NASA have chosen a direct ascent method of lunar exploration for the Apollo program .
First launch of an uprated Saturn V-ELV. First crewed hyperbolic reentry at 65k feet per second. First long-time space soak and firing of a nuclear propulsion module. (Note: In this context, "space soak" means “to leave in space for an extended period of time” [3]) First long-time simulated crewed planetary mission operation.
Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968, and was the second crewed spaceflight mission flown in the United States Apollo space program (the first, Apollo 7, stayed in Earth orbit). Apollo 8 was the third flight and the first crewed launch of the Saturn V rocket.
S-II assembly building in Seal Beach, CA. The beginning of the S-II came in December 1959 when a committee recommended the design and construction of a high-thrust, liquid hydrogen fueled engine. The contract for this engine was given to Rocketdyne and it would be later called the J-2. At the same time the S-II stage design began to take shape.