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Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
The First World War generated population displacements of an unprecedented scale, of more than 12,000,000 civilians, (later exceeded by those of the Second World War which reached 60,000,000). [1] The director of the civil affairs office of the Red Cross wrote at the end of the war that: “There were refugees everywhere.
World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers , [ 1 ] which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred on the Triple Entente of Britain , France and Russia ) and the Central Powers (originally centred on the Triple Alliance of ...
A Companion to World War I (2010), 38 essays by leading scholars covering all facets of the war excerpt and text search; Horne, John N. State, Society and Mobilization in Europe during the First World War (2002) Proctor, Tammy M. Civilians in a World at War, 1914–1918 (2010) 410pp; global coverage excerpt and text search; Stevenson, David.
On the eve of the Great War, [1] Russia was the most populous state in Europe: with 175 million inhabitants, it had almost 3 times the population of Germany, an army of 1.3 million men, and almost 5 million reservists. Its industrial growth, on the order of 5% per year between 1860 and 1913, and the vastness of its territory and natural ...
Berlin finally fell in 1945, ending the Second World War in Europe. The war was the largest and most destructive in human history, with 60 million dead across the world. [212] More than 40 million people in Europe had died as a result of the Second World War, [213] including between 11 and 17 million people who perished during the Holocaust. [214]
The causes of the Great War have generally been defined in diplomatic terms, but certain deep-seated issues in Austria-Hungary undoubtedly contributed to the beginnings of the First World War. [40] The Austro-Hungarian situation in the Balkans pre-1914 is a primary factor in its involvement in the war.
British and German wounded, Bernafay Wood, 19 July 1916. Photo by Ernest Brooks.. The total number of military and civilian casualties in World War I was about 40 million: estimates range from around 15 to 22 million deaths [1] and about 23 million wounded military personnel, ranking it among the deadliest conflicts in human history.