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In similar terms, reflectivity also assists the protection of one's self-worth by thinking through all the possible outcomes in advance. [10] Such process of defensive reflection can serve as the motivation allowing an individual to concisely plan out and try their best in order to avoid negative outcomes and scenarios. [10]
When a positive outcome is available, any departure from impossibility may engender hope (affect-rich and positive), and any deviation from certainty may produce fear (affect-rich but negative). The following study demonstrates that the opposite pattern is also true: when the available outcome is negative, departures from impossibility engender ...
Negative utilitarianism is a form of negative consequentialism that can be described as the view that people should minimize the total amount of aggregate suffering, or that they should minimize suffering and then, secondarily, maximize the total amount of happiness.
The framing effect is a cognitive bias in which people decide between options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations. [1] Individuals have a tendency to make risk-avoidant choices when options are positively framed, while selecting more loss-avoidant options when presented with a negative frame.
Sharon Stone is "choosing" to be happy 24 years after a near-fatal blain bleed. At the Golden Globe Awards on Sunday night, the "Casino" actress explained how she views the world.
Self-affirmation theory is a psychological theory that focuses on how individuals adapt to information or experiences that are threatening to their self-concept. Claude Steele originally popularized self-affirmation theory in the late 1980s, [1] [2] and it remains a well-studied theory in social psychological research.
The chemotherapy drug 5-FU can be toxic to some people with cancer. A quick, cheap test can show if chemo is safe for a patient, but few doctors order it.
Recalling the past in a self-serving manner, e.g., remembering one's exam grades as being better than they were, or remembering a caught fish as bigger than it really was. Euphoric recall: The tendency of people to remember past experiences in a positive light, while overlooking negative experiences associated with that event. Fading affect bias