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In the U.S., every plumbing fixture must also be coupled to the system's vent piping. [1] Without a vent, negative pressure can slow the flow of water leaving the system, resulting in clogs, or cause siphonage to empty a trap. The high point of the vent system (the top of its "soil stack") must be open to the exterior at atmospheric pressure.
In plumbing, a trap is a U-shaped portion of pipe designed to trap liquid or gas to prevent unwanted flow; most notably sewer gases from entering buildings while allowing waste materials to pass through. In oil refineries, traps are used to prevent hydrocarbons and other dangerous gases and chemical fumes from escaping through drains.
A dispersion fan diagram (left) in comparison with a box plot. A fan chart is made of a group of dispersion fan diagrams, which may be positioned according to two categorising dimensions. A dispersion fan diagram is a circular diagram which reports the same information about a dispersion as a box plot: namely median, quartiles, and two extreme ...
A household electric fan A large cylindrical fan. A fan is a powered machine that creates airflow. A fan consists of rotating vanes or blades, generally made of wood, plastic, or metal, which act on the air. The rotating assembly of blades and hub is known as an impeller, rotor, or runner. Usually, it is contained within some form of housing ...
During the winter, ACH may range from 0.50 to 0.41 in a tightly air-sealed house to 1.11 to 1.47 in a loosely air-sealed house. [12] ASHRAE now recommends ventilation rates dependent upon floor area, as a revision to the 62-2001 standard, in which the minimum ACH was 0.35, but no less than 15 CFM/person (7.1 L/s/person).
An axial fan is a type of fan that causes gas to flow through it in an axial direction, parallel to the shaft about which the blades rotate. The flow is axial at entry and exit. The fan is designed to produce a pressure difference, and hence force, to cause a flow through the fan. Factors which determine the performance of the fan include the ...
The axial fan is often contained within a short section of cylindrical ductwork, to which inlet and outlet ducting can be connected. Axial fan types have fan wheels with diameters that usually range from less than a foot (0.3 meters) to over 30 feet (9.1 m), although axial cooling tower fan wheels may exceed 82 feet (25 m) in diameter.
A Buchan trap (alternative names: Bristol interceptor, [1] interceptor trap and disconnecting trap) is a device fitted in a domestic sewer pipe to prevent odours entering the pipe from the public sewer [2] and permeating the house, a common problem before individual plumbing fittings were separately trapped.