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The American Academy of Pediatrics lists lithium as contraindicated for pregnancy and lactation. [7] The United States Food and Drug Administration categorizes lithium as having positive evidence of risk for pregnancy and possible hazardous risk for lactation. [7] [8] Lithium salts are classified as mood stabilizers. [5]
Absorption half-life 1 h, elimination half-life 12 h. Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration (C max) to half of C max in the blood plasma.
The drug crosses the placenta and affects the fetus during the gestational stage of pregnancy. [89] Methamphetamine use in pregnancy may lead to babies born with an earlier gestational age at delivery (pre-term), lower birth weight, and smaller head circumference. [ 89 ]
Seven radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being 8 Li with a half-life of 838 ms and 9 Li with a half-life of 178 ms. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are shorter than 8.6 ms. The shortest-lived isotope of lithium is 4 Li, which decays through proton emission and has a half-life of 7.6 × 10 −23 ...
Chlorpromazine can also potentiate the CNS depressant effects of drugs like barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opioids, lithium and anesthetics and hence increase the potential for adverse effects such as respiratory depression and sedation.
The elimination half-life of molindone is approximately 2 hours. [2] This half-life is much shorter than that of most other antipsychotics. [2] Concentrations of molindone are negligible 12 hours following the last dose even it is used at high doses. [2] Lithium has been found to prolong the half-life of molindone by at least 4-fold. [2]
Lithium has been associated with side effects to the fetus when taken during pregnancy, including body and heart abnormalities (e.g., Ebstein's anomaly); these effects have been documented in all trimesters, but higher risks, particularly for structural heart problems and spontaneous abortion, are typically seen with exposure in the first ...
Chlordiazepoxide is generally considered an inappropriate benzodiazepine for the elderly due to its long elimination half-life and the risks of accumulation. [10] Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in the elderly, pregnancy, children, alcohol- or drug-dependent individuals and individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders. [11]