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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 February 2025. "Skin pigmentation" redirects here. For animal skin pigmentation, see Biological pigment. Extended Coloured family from South Africa showing some spectrum of human skin coloration Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Differences in skin color among ...
Richard Sturm and David Duffy describe 11 genes that affect skin pigmentation and explain most variations in human skin color, the most significant of which are MC1R, ASIP, OCA2, and TYR. [46] There is evidence that as many as 16 different genes could be responsible for eye color in humans; however, the main two genes associated with eye color ...
Identifying human races in terms of skin colour, at least as one among several physiological characteristics, has been common since antiquity.Such divisions appeared in early modern scholarship, usually dividing humankind into four or five categories, with colour-based labels: red, yellow, black, white, and sometimes brown.
In humans, melanin is the primary determinant of skin color. It is also found in hair, the pigmented tissue underlying the iris of the eye, and the stria vascularis of the inner ear. In the brain, tissues with melanin include the medulla and pigment-bearing neurons within areas of the brainstem, such as the locus coeruleus.
The Fitzpatrick scale has been criticized for its Eurocentric bias and insufficient representation of global skin color diversity. [9] The scale originally was developed for classifying "white skin" in response to solar radiation, [2] and initially included only four categories focused on white skin, with "brown" and "black" skin types (V and VI) added as an afterthought.
The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue guarding muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals' skin, and it is very similar to pig skin.
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived [3] cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), [4] the inner ear, [5] vaginal epithelium, [6] meninges, [7] bones, [8] and heart found in many mammals and birds. [9] Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible ...
A woman with dark skin. Dark skin is a type of human skin color that is rich in melanin pigments. [1] [2] [3] People with dark skin are often referred to as black people, [4] although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations. [5] [6] [7] [8]