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Stem flow measurement on a silver birch. There are a variety of ways stemflow volume is measured in the field. The most common direct measurement currently used is the bonding of bisected PVC or other plastic tubing around the circumference of the tree trunk, connected and funneled into a graduated cylinder for manual or a tipping bucket rain gauge for automatic collection.
Bioeconomics (fisheries), the study of the dynamics of living resources using economic models; Bioeconomics (biophysical), the study of economic systems applying the laws of thermodynamics; Biological economics, the study of the relationship between human biology and economics; Bioeconomics, the social theory of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
The definition of life has long been a challenge for scientists and philosophers. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] This is partially because life is a process, not a substance. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] This is complicated by a lack of knowledge of the characteristics of living entities, if any, that may have developed outside Earth.
Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms. [1] Regulation of biological processes occurs when any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent.
Natural resources flow through the economy and end up as waste and pollution. A simple circular flow of income diagram is replaced in ecological economics by a more complex flow diagram reflecting the input of solar energy, which sustains natural inputs and environmental services which are then used as units of production. Once consumed ...
Biological economics is an interdisciplinary field in which the interaction of human biology and economics is studied. The journal Economics and Human Biology covers the field and has an impact factor of 2.722.
Synthetic biology – research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature. Botany – study of plants. Economic botany – study of relationship between people and plants, including the practical uses of plants; Ethnobotany – study of a region's plants and their usage by people