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Uncinaria stenocephala is a nematode that parasitizes dogs, cats, and foxes, as well as humans.It is rare to find in cats in the United States. U. stenocephala is the most common canine hookworm in cooler regions, such as Canada and the northern regions of the US, where it can be found primarily in foxes (40%). [1]
The entire process from skin penetration to adult development takes about 5–9 weeks. The female adult worms release eggs (N. americanus about 9,000–10,000 eggs/day and A. duodenale 25,000–30,000 eggs/day), which are passed in the feces of the human host. These eggs hatch in the environment within several days and the cycle starts anew.
Dogs are commonly infected by Ancylostoma caninum, but may also be infected by Uncinaria stenocephala and Ancylostoma braziliense. [citation needed] In Asia, Ancylostoma ceylanicum is endemic among dogs and cats and infects humans. [4] Cattle are infected by Bunostomum phlebotomum. [1] At least 68 species have been described in wild mammals. [5]
Uncinaria is a genus of nematodes. The genus was circumscribed by Josef Aloys Frölich in 1789. [1] Species include: [2] Uncinaria criniformis (Goeze, 1782) Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901; Uncinaria sanguinis Marcus et al., 2014; Uncinaria stenocephala (Railliet, 1884) Uncinaria yukonensis (Wolfgang, 1956)
The eggs of U. stenocephala are similar to those of A. caninum, but have a larger longitudinal axis of 85×45 μm. Infection occurs exclusively by peroral ingestion of larvae via contaminated food or collective hosts. In Germany, an infection frequency of 8.6% was determined, [3] in Austria of 0.1% for A. caninum and 0.2% for U. stenocephala. [4]
Nicarbazin is a coccidiostat used on meat chickens.It is also used as a contraceptive for population control of Canada geese and feral pigeons. [1] [2]It is also a wide-spectrum anti-parasitic drug approved for veterinary use, effective on Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis, Dipylidium caninum, and Taenia sp. and Mesocestoides sp..
Uncinaria americanus Stiles, 1902. Necator americanus is a species of hookworm ... They can produce between 5,000 and 10,000 eggs per day. [4] Habitat
The hookworms, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, hatch as first-stage juveniles within the soil and develop to an infective third-stage juvenile.Infection occurs by direct penetration through the skin of the host.