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Needle ice phenomena play a particularly significant role in patterned ground in periglacial environments. [8] The growth of needle ice lifts a detached, frozen soil crust riding on top of the layer of ice. When the crust and the ice melt, the soil surface settles back irregularly. This phenomenon is linked to erosion, particularly on ...
This effect allows water to percolate through the soil towards the ice lens, allowing the lens to grow. Another water-transport effect is the preservation of a few molecular layers of liquid water on the surface of the ice lens, and between ice and soil particles. Faraday reported in 1860 on the unfrozen layer of premelted water. [14] Ice ...
Less than one-third of the active layer (the soil between the ground surface and a permafrost table) or an ice layer which is at least 30 cm (12 in) thick has been cryoturbated. Turbels : soils that show marked influence of cryoturbation (more than one-third of the depth of the active layer) such as irregular, broken, or distorted horizon ...
The displacement of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) usually by the agents of currents such as wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms (in the case of bioerosion). erratic A piece of rock that deviates from the size and type of rock native to the area in which it rests.
The use of mulch is widespread in the Piedmont region of the United States as a solution to the high temperatures and saturation of the soil. [9] The addition of mulch helps to make the soil more porous. [10] Adding manure and compost can help boost the amount of organic material present in the soil, which in turn helps add essential nutrients.
This same phenomenon occurs within pore spaces of rocks. The ice accumulations grow larger as they attract liquid water from the surrounding pores. The ice crystal growth weakens the rocks which, in time, break up. [3] It is caused by the expansion of ice when water freezes, putting considerable stress on the walls of containment.
(pl.) aboiteaux A sluice or conduit built beneath a coastal dike, with a hinged gate or a one-way valve that closes during high tide, preventing salt water from flowing into the sluice and flooding the land behind the dike, but remains open during low tide, allowing fresh water precipitation and irrigation runoff to drain from the land into the sea; or a method of land reclamation which relies ...
Under less pressure, often near the terminal end of a glacier, where the ice moves rather slowly, steeped walled eskers may form. [37] The debris found in eskers is dependent on the sediment in the ice and the supply to the meltwater stream within the tunnel. This sediment is usually sand to cobble-sized, with the occasional larger boulder.