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Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications. [16] [17] It was originally used as a form of semi-supervised learning, as the model is trained first on an unlabelled dataset (pretraining step) by learning to generate datapoints in the dataset, and then it is trained to classify a labelled dataset.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. The word endoplasmic means "within the cytoplasm", and reticulum is Latin for "little net".
GPT-4 responded, “The humor in this meme comes from the unexpected juxtaposition of the text and the image. The text sets up an expectation of a majestic image of the earth, but the image is ...
The Er blood group system consists of five human red blood cell surface antigens, Er a, Er b, Er3, Er4 and Er5. [1] The incidences of Er a and Er3 are each greater than 99% of the human population, while the incidence of Er b is less than 0.01%. [2] [3] Er4 and Er5 are found at a high frequency in the general population. [1]
Diagram illustrating genomics. Omics is the collective characterization and quantification of entire sets of biological molecules and the investigation of how they translate into the structure, function, and dynamics of an organism or group of organisms.
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response related to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. [1] It has been found to be conserved between mammalian species, [2] as well as yeast [1] [3] and worm organisms. The UPR is activated in response to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) is a putative endoplasmic reticulum-resident membrane protein (co-)chaperone. [1] The EMC is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes (animals, plants, and fungi), and its initial appearance might reach back to the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). [ 2 ]
Synthesis of proteins is by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and both the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) are involved in secretion of the proteins formed. [citation needed] The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in conjugation of proteins to lipid and carbohydrate moieties synthesized by, or modified within, the hepatocytes.