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A complex instruction set computer (CISC / ˈ s ɪ s k /) is a computer architecture in which single instructions can execute several low-level operations (such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store) or are capable of multi-step operations or addressing modes within single instructions.
The first was the CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer), which had many different instructions. In the 1970s, however, places like IBM did research and found that many instructions in the set could be eliminated. The result was the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), an architecture that uses a smaller set of instructions.
A human computer, with microscope and calculator, 1952. It was not until the mid-20th century that the word acquired its modern definition; according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of the word computer was in a different sense, in a 1613 book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by the English writer Richard Brathwait: "I haue [] read the truest computer of Times, and the best ...
where Z and POS are locations previously set to contain 0 and a positive integer, respectively; Unconditional branching is assured only if Z initially contains 0 (or a value less than the integer stored in POS). A follow-up instruction is required to clear Z after the branching, assuming that the content of Z must be maintained as 0.
A system installer is the software that is used to set up and install an operating system onto a device. Windows Setup is the system installer of Microsoft Windows. Examples of Linux system installers: Anaconda: used by CentOS, Fedora; Calamares: used by multiple Linux distributions (incl. some Ubuntu flavors, Debian, and derivates)
The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, [1] and delivered between 1965 and 1978. [2] System/360 was the first family of computers designed to cover both commercial and scientific applications and a complete range of applications from small to large.
Apple II computer. Prior to the widespread use of microprocessors, a computer that could fit on a desk was considered remarkably small; the type of computers most commonly used were minicomputers, which, despite the name, were rather large and were "mini" only compared to the so-called "big iron".
A programming language is a set of keywords, symbols, identifiers, and rules by which programmers can communicate instructions to the computer. [41] They follow a set of rules called a syntax. [41] Keywords are reserved words to form declarations and statements. Symbols are characters to form operations, assignments, control flow, and delimiters.