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Tinia (also Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the sky god and the highest deity in Etruscan religion, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus. [ 1 ] However, a primary source from the Roman Varro states that Veltha , not Tins, was the supreme deity of the Etruscans. [ 2 ]
Etruscan goddess identified with Greek Aphrodite and Roman Venus. She appears in the expression, Turan ati, "Mother Turan", equivalent to Venus Genetrix. [52] Her name is a noun meaning "the act of giving" in Etruscan, based on the verb stem Tur-'to give.' Turmś, Turms: Etruscan god identified with Greek Hermes and Roman Mercurius.
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A notable mirror from Volterra depicts Uni nursing an adult demigod Hercle (the Greek Heracles or Roman Hercules). Tinia, amongst other gods present at the scene, points to a tablet with the inscription indicating the significance of the event: "eca: sren: tva: iχnac hercle:unial clan: θra:sce" meaning "this picture shows how Hercle became Uni's son". [6]
The region became a part of the Roman Republic after the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Heavily influenced by Ancient Greek culture, Etruscan art is characterized by the use of terracotta, metalworking—especially in bronze—as well as jewelry and engraved gems. [10] Metal and bronze trinkets from the Mediterranean rapidly began to appear around Etruria.
Chariot fitting representing Usil, 500–475 BCE, Hermitage Museum. Usil is the Etruscan god of the sun, shown to be identified with Apulu ().His iconic depiction features Usil rising out of the sea, with a fireball in either outstretched hand, on an engraved Etruscan bronze mirror in late Archaic style, formerly on the Roman antiquities market. [1]
Menrva often was depicted in the Judgement of Paris, called Elcsntre (Alexander, his alternative name in Greek) in Etruscan, one of the most popular Greek myths in Etruria. [ citation needed ] Menrva was part of a triple deity with Uni and Tinia, later reflected in the Roman Capitoline Triad of Juno , Jupiter , and Minerva .
Hercle can be recognized in Etruscan art from his attributes, or is sometimes identified by name. Since Etruscan literature has not survived, the meaning of the scenes in which he appears can only be interpreted by comparison to Greek and Roman myths, through information about Etruscan myths preserved by Greek and Latin literature, or through conjectural reconstructions based on other Etruscan ...