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Failure rate is the frequency with which any system or component fails, expressed in failures per unit of time. It thus depends on the system conditions, time interval, and total number of systems under study. [1]
M 2 is useful because it reflects how well a collimated laser beam can be focused to a small spot, or how well a divergent laser source can be collimated. It is a better guide to beam quality than Gaussian appearance because there are many cases in which a beam can look Gaussian, yet have an M 2 value far from unity. [1]
Another aqua species in which there is a metal-metal bond is the molybdenum(II) species formulated as [(H 2 O) 4 Mo≣Mo(H 2 O) 4] 4+. [39] Each molybdenum is surrounded by four water molecules in a square-planar arrangement, in a structure similar to that of the known structure of the chloro complex [Mo 2 Cl 8 ] 4− .
Receiving k = 1 to 4 calls then has a probability of about 0.77, while receiving 0 or at least 5 calls has a probability of about 0.23. A classic example used to motivate the Poisson distribution is the number of radioactive decay events during a fixed observation period.
These are "absolute" errors and absolute errors add, so the length reading is then bounded by plus/minus the length corresponding to the full width of the smallest interval on the vernier scale (0.005 cm). Assuming no systematics affect the measurement (the instrument works perfectly), a complete measurement would then read 2.462 cm ± 0.005 cm.
25.4 μm A thousandth of an inch is a derived unit of length in a system of units using inches . Equal to 1 ⁄ 1000 of an inch , a thousandth is commonly called a thou / ˈ θ aʊ / (used for both singular and plural) or, particularly in North America, a mil (plural mils ).
If the gauge block is known to be 0.75000 ± 0.00005 inch ("seven-fifty plus or minus fifty millionths", that is, "seven hundred fifty thou plus or minus half a tenth"), then the micrometer should measure it as 0.7500 inch. If the micrometer measures 0.7503 inch, then it is out of calibration.
Thus, for the whole Earth (which has a cross section of 127,400,000 km 2), the power is 1.730×10 17 W (or 173,000 terawatts), [9] plus or minus 3.5% (half the approximately 6.9% annual range). The solar constant does not remain constant over long periods of time (see Solar variation ), but over a year the solar constant varies much less than ...