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Islamic Golden Age brass astrolabe Brass lectern with an eagle. Attributed to Aert van Tricht, Limburg (Netherlands), c. 1500.. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, [1] but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally 2 ⁄ 3 copper and 1 ⁄ 3 zinc.
Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gases or slag and leaving the metal behind. The reducing agent is commonly a fossil-fuel source of carbon , such as carbon monoxide from incomplete combustion of coke —or, in earlier times, of charcoal . [ 1 ]
Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials science , metallurgy and engineering . The definition of which elements belong to this group differs.
A refractory metal is a metal that is very resistant to heat and wear. Which metals belong to this category varies; the most common definition includes niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium as well as their alloys. They all have melting points above 2000 °C, and a high hardness at room temperature. Several compounds such as ...
Heat and compaction fuse small particles into a dense bulk Clinker nodules produced by sintering Sintering or frittage is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by pressure [ 1 ] or heat [ 2 ] without melting it to the point of liquefaction .
The most important factor in choosing a heating method is achieving efficient transfer of heat throughout the joint and doing so within the heat capacity of the individual base metals used. The geometry of the braze joint is also a crucial factor to consider, as is the rate and volume of production required.
A heating element is a device used for conversion of electric energy into heat, consisting of a heating resistor and accessories. [1] Heat is generated by the passage of electric current through a resistor through a process known as Joule heating. Heating elements are used in household appliances, industrial equipment, and scientific ...
The metals involved in a bimetallic strip can vary in composition so long as their thermal expansion coefficients differ. The metal of lower thermal expansion coefficient is sometimes called the passive metal, while the other is called the active metal. Copper, steel, brass, iron, and nickel are commonly used metals in bimetallic strips. [6]