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The Samudera Pasai Sultanate (Malay: كسلطانن سامودرا ڤاساي ), also known as Samudera or Pasai or Samudera Darussalam or Pacem, was a Muslim kingdom on the north coast of Sumatra from the 13th to the 16th centuries. Little evidence has been left to allow for historical study of the kingdom. [1]
The earliest seafaring is presumed to have developed in the "nursery" areas of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and the Mediterranean.Both ISEA and the Mediterranean had a warm climate and, particularly in the former, large numbers of intervisible islands; both assisted early seafarers.
1350: Majapahit invades Samudera Pasai, with 400 jong. [25] 1380: The nearly completed Bremen cog was wrecked, leaving an example of a ship type that was a mainstay of trade in the Hanseatic League; 1398: Majapahit invades Kingdom of Singapura, with 300 jong and no less than 200,000 men. [26] 1405: Zheng He's expeditions begins.
Samudra Raksa (Old Javanese: Defender of the seas) [4] is a replica ship built in 2003 based on the relief of ships in the Borobudur temple. In the late 20th century, Philip Beale , a British sailor, became interested in depictions of the ship at Borobudur and decided to reconstruct one.
The scholar G.V. Davane studied the occurrences of the term samudra in the Rigveda and concluded that the term means "terrestrial ocean". [3] The Rigveda also speaks of a western and eastern Samudra (10.136.5-6). And in RV 7.6.7 there is an upper and a lower Samudra, where the upper Samudra seems to be a heavenly ocean.
The earliest record of penjajap is from 1509 by the Portuguese historian Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, he said that pangajava (penjajap) were vessels from Sumatra, long and swift, going very well under sail or oars. [11]:
The Ship Museum Samudra Raksa was opened on 31 August 2005 by Coordinating Minister for Welfare Prof. Dr. Alwi Shihab of the Republic of Indonesia. It is in part a tribute to the crew, the Indonesian specialists who built the ship, and the government and international collaboration that supported the Borobudur Ship Expedition.
Map of the world produced in 1689 by Gerard van Schagen.. The history of navigation, or the history of seafaring, is the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments.