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The lateral and medial portions of the palmar aponeurosis are thin, fibrous layers, which cover, on the radial side, the muscles of the ball of the thumb, and, on the ulnar side, the muscles of the little finger; they are continuous with the central portion and with the fascia on the dorsum of the hand.
The lumbrical muscles, with the help of the interosseous muscles, simultaneously flex the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending both interphalangeal joints of the digit on which it inserts. The lumbricals are used during an upstroke in writing.
The palmaris longus is a muscle visible as a small tendon located between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris, although it is not always present.Reviews report rates of absence in the general population ranging from 10–20%; however, the rate varies in different ethnic groups.
The palmar plate moves in three phases during joint flexion. First, it slides back toward the hand. Next, it is lifted away from the proximal phalanx by the A3 pulley. Last, a lip on the middle phalanx rolls into a recess on the plate. If the A3 pulley is not intact, the normal three phases of motion do not occur and instead the plate crumples. [7]
The Transverse Ligament of the Palmar Aponeurosis (TLPA) is a thin band of transverse fibers of the distal portion of the palmar aponeurosis.It runs deep and transverse to the longitudinally oriented pretendinous bands of the palmar fascial complex, and serves as an attachment point for the septa of Legueu and Juvara.
The deep transverse metacarpal ligament is a narrow fibrous band. It blends with the palmar metacarpophalangeal ligaments. Its palmar surface is concave where the flexor tendons pass over it. Behind [clarification needed] it, the tendons of the interosseous muscles of the hand pass to their insertions. [citation needed]
Transverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and trapezium [1] Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx of thumb: Artery: Superficial palmar arch: Nerve: Recurrent branch of the median nerve: Actions: Abduction of the thumb by acting across the carpometacarpal joint and the metacarpophalangeal joint. It also assists in opposition and extension of ...
The following three muscles are considered part of the thenar eminence: [3] Abductor pollicis brevis abducts the thumb. This muscle is the most superficial of the thenar group. Flexor pollicis brevis, which lies next to the abductor, will flex the thumb, curling it up in the palm.