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Despite its small extent, it was the largest fire in the period from when the park was created until 1988. Research indicates that only two or three large fires occur on the Yellowstone Plateau every 1,000 years. [24] [25] The previous major Yellowstone fire was in the early to mid-18th century, well before the arrival of white explorers. [1]: 9
Non-explosive eruptions of lava and less-violent explosive eruptions have occurred in and near the Yellowstone caldera since the last supereruption. [ 101 ] [ 102 ] The most recent lava flow occurred about 70,000 years ago, while a violent eruption excavated the West Thumb of Lake Yellowstone 174,000 years ago.
Yellowstone hotspot, Idaho; Bruneau-Jarbidge volcanic field; 10.0 to 12.5 Ma (Ashfall Fossil Beds eruption). [65] Anahim hotspot, British Columbia, Canada; has generated the Anahim Volcanic Belt over the last 13 million years. Yellowstone hotspot, Owyhee-Humboldt volcanic field, Nevada/ Oregon; around 12.8 to 13.9 Ma. [65] [70]
The caldera is the enormous volcanic crater left from the last time Yellowstone experienced a giant eruption, 640,000 years ago. It covers an area about 30 by 45 miles .
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Map of Yellowstone Volcano ash beds. The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field began forming around 2 Ma (million years ago). [7] It has had over 110 different eruptions and has created mostly rhyolitic plains, with over 6000 km 3 of rhyolitic material formed. [7] Scientists have discovered three major eruptions that formed calderas.
The “first national park” was born 151 years ago, on March 1, 1872, when President Ulysses S. Grant signed into law the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act.
A study that was completed in 2011 found that at least 1,283 geysers have erupted in Yellowstone. Of these, an average of 465 are active in a given year. [91] [92] Yellowstone contains at least 10,000 geothermal features altogether, including geysers, hot springs, mudpots, and fumaroles. [93]