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The peel can become deeper than 2 cm. [2] Within the chest, the lung is compressed and unable to expand (trapped lung), making it vulnerable to collapse and causing breathlessness. [7] Restrictive lung disease from fibrothorax may occur when pleural fibrosis is so severe that it involves the diaphragm and ribcage and results primarily from ...
Fibromyalgia is estimated to affect 2 to 4% of the population. [13] Women are affected more than men. [4] [13] Rates appear similar across areas of the world and among varied cultures. [4] Symptoms of fibromyalgia are persistent in nearly all patients. [14] The treatment of fibromyalgia is symptomatic [15] and multidisciplinary. [16]
Psychological treatment, to which about 40% of PCS patients are referred for consultation, [41] has been shown to reduce problems. [3] Ongoing disabilities may be treated with therapy to improve function at work, or in social or other contexts. Therapy aims to aid in the gradual return to work and other preinjury activities, as symptoms permit.
Post-exertional malaise (PEM), sometimes referred to as post-exertional symptom exacerbation (PESE) [1] or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), [2] is a worsening of symptoms that occurs after minimal exertion. It is the hallmark symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and common in long COVID and ...
Tianeptine also has anticonvulsant and analgesic effects, [31] and a clinical trial in Spain that ended in January 2007 has shown that tianeptine is effective in treating pain due to fibromyalgia. [32] Tianeptine has been shown to have efficacy with minimal side effects in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. [33]
Milnacipran is well absorbed after oral dosing and has a bioavailability of 85%. Meals do not have an influence on the rapidity and extent of absorption. Peak plasma concentrations are reached 2 hours after oral dosing. The elimination half-life of 8 hours is not increased by liver impairment and old age, but by significant renal disease.
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines chronic pain as a general pain without biological value that sometimes continues even after the healing of the affected area; [8] [9] a type of pain that cannot be classified as acute pain [b] and lasts longer than expected to heal, or typically, pain that has been experienced on most days or daily for the past six months, is ...
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, complex, premalignant (1% transformation risk) condition of the oral cavity, characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues (the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues).