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The most common application of spotfacing (spot facing) is facing the area around a bolt hole where the bolt's head will sit, which is often done by cutting a shallow counterbore, just deep enough "to clean up"—that is, only enough material is removed to get down past any irregularity and thus make the surface flat. [1]
In machining, facing is the cutting of a flat surface perpendicular to some axis of the workpiece. This can be applied in two different areas: This can be applied in two different areas: Facing on a milling machine (perpendicular to the axis of movement), which involves various milling operations, but primarily face milling .
Additional spindles can be fitted with pre-spaced cutter heads when more are needed for a job than fit on one. A wood moulder (American English) is similar to a shaper, but is a more powerful and complex machine with multiple cutting heads at both 90-degrees and parallel to its table. A wood shaper has only a single cutting head, mounted on a ...
This makes the wood vulnerable to deformation as it dries, or if later exposed to moisture. Flat-sawn wood is less stable than quarter sawn or rift sawn wood, but can be produced more quickly and at lower cost. [5] The face of the board may show curved grain, sometimes with intricate patterns.
The style of cutting does not have the pause required by the reciprocating lathe's rotation. Even with continuous revolution, however, the turner controls the contact of tools and wood entirely by hand. The cutters are not fixed, nor advanced automatically, as with the metal-working lathe. The nature of wood defines woodturning techniques.
The board is fed across the cutter head and onto the outfeed table. The knives in the revolving cutter head remove an amount of material and the relationship of the two tables and the fence keeps the board oriented in such a way that the result is an edge which is flat along its length and perpendicular to the board's face.
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In general there are three types of cutting bits or tools. Fluted cutters (used for edging and trimming) Profile cutters (used for shaping and trimming) Helical cutters (used on easily machined materials, for drilling, shaping, trimming) Safety glasses and ear protection should be worn at all times when using a router.