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It served to combine the rook's move and the king's jumping move into a single move. [16] In Rome, from the early 17th century until the late 19th century, the rook might be placed on any square up to and including the king's square, and the king might be moved to any square on the other side of the rook. This was called free castling.
The rook (/ r ʊ k /; ♖, ♜) is a piece in the game of chess. It may move any number of squares horizontally or vertically without jumping, and it may capture an enemy piece on its path; it may participate in castling. Each player starts the game with two rooks, one in each corner on their side of the board.
Here, the rook can move in forward direction determined by its ring (to any white dot). It has two sideways moves (yellow dots), and one backward move (green dot) available. The bishop can move to any gray dot, including one rebound off g4. It has two backward move options (green dots).
The king (♔, ♚) is the most important piece in the game of chess. It may move to any adjoining square; it may also perform, in tandem with the rook, a special move called castling. If a player's king is threatened with capture, it is said to be in check, and the player must remove the threat of capture immediately.
The diagram shows two cases. On the b-file, White's rook is behind the pawn, while Black's is in front of it. Other things being equal, Black cannot do much to stop the pawn's advance. The rook can block it, but as soon as the rook moves elsewhere, the pawn can advance.
Rook: In the corners, at a1, l1, a8, and l8 stands the rook, [2] which moves any number of squares orthogonally (the same as its modern chess counterpart). Pawn: The second rank for each player is filled with pawns , which move like modern chess pawns, one square forward and capture one square diagonally forward.
The key in the puzzle on the right is 1. Qd2. This move has no threat, but it leaves black in zugzwang: Black must either move one of his bishops or rooks, or move a pawn. However, any bishop or rook move must unguard one of the squares of d5, d6, d7 or d8, allowing White to mate on d5, d6 or d7 with the queen, and d8 with the knight. The lines ...
The knight on f6 can go to e8 (when Black placed their rook on d8) to defend the d6 pawn, or to d7 or even to h5, if unoccupied. The black queen can be moved to b8 (unmasking the rook on c8 and perhaps supporting ...b5) or a8 (eyeing d5). A rook placed on d8 serves to defend the d6-pawn and support its push to d5.