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Carbon dioxide liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data: Temp. °C P vap Vapor pressure kPa H liq Heat content liquid J/g H vap Heat content vapor J/g
Liquid carbon dioxide is the liquid state of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which cannot occur under atmospheric pressure. It can only exist at a pressure above 5.1 atm (5.2 bar; 75 psi), under 31.1 °C (88.0 °F) (temperature of critical point ) and above −56.6 °C (−69.9 °F) (temperature of triple point ). [ 1 ]
log 10 (K eq) has a value of zero at approx. 975 K. The implication of the change in K eq with temperature is that a gas containing CO may form elemental carbon if the mixture cools below a certain temperature. The thermodynamic activity of carbon may be calculated for a CO / CO 2 mixture by knowing the partial pressure of each species and the ...
Symptoms of carbon dioxide toxicity, by increasing volume percent in air [45] Carbon dioxide content in fresh air (averaged between sea-level and 10 kPa level, i.e., about 30 km (19 mi) altitude) varies between 0.036% (360 ppm) and 0.041% (412 ppm), depending on the location. [46]
For carbon dioxide, the 50% increase (C/C 0 = 1.5) realized as of year 2020 since 1750 corresponds to a cumulative radiative forcing change (delta F) of +2.17 W/m 2. [6] Assuming no change in the emissions growth path, a doubling of concentrations ( C/C 0 = 2) within the next several decades would correspond to a cumulative radiative forcing ...
The atmospheric pressure is roughly equal to the sum of partial pressures of constituent gases – oxygen, nitrogen, argon, water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.. In a mixture of gases, each constituent gas has a partial pressure which is the notional pressure of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. [1]
By mole fraction (i.e., by quantity of molecules), dry air contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other trace gases (see Composition below for more detail). Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide observations from 2008 to 2017 showing the seasonal variations and the difference between northern and southern hemispheres. The concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are expressed as parts per million by volume (abbreviated as ppmv, or ppm(v), or just ppm).