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The purpose of land drains in building construction is somewhat different. If voids are created in the ground for any reason they tend to fill with water. Also the static loads on any subterranean structure and retaining walls can be massively increased by the presence of water in the surrounding ground.
A diagram of a traditional French drain. A French drain [1] (also known by other names including trench drain, blind drain, [1] rubble drain, [1] and rock drain [1]) is a trench filled with gravel or rock, or both, with or without a perforated pipe that redirects surface water and groundwater away from an area.
It is important to have proper drainage behind the wall in order to limit the pressure to the wall's design value. Drainage materials will reduce or eliminate the hydrostatic pressure and improve the stability of the material behind the wall. Drystone retaining walls are normally self-draining.
Once excavated, the walls are then power washed and allowed to dry. The dry walls are sealed with a waterproofing membrane, [3] and new drainage tiles (weeping tiles) are placed at the side of the footing. A French drain, PVC pipe, or other drainage system is installed and water is led further from the basement.
Synthetic drainage mat is placed vertically between the nail heads, which are extended down to the base of the wall where they are most commonly connected to a footing drain. [ 3 ] : 35 A layer of shotcrete is applied and bearing plates are installed before a final facing is put in place to complete the soil nail wall.
If the water pressure is not drained appropriately, retaining walls can bow, move, and fracture, causing seams to separate. The water pressure can also erode soil particles, leading to voids behind the wall and sinkholes in the above soil. Traditional retaining wall drainage systems can include French drains, drain pipes or weep holes. To ...
The Drainage anti-slide pile (DASP) is a reinforced concrete structure with a hollow upper section and a solid lower section, designed to resist slope deformation. [2] [3] The hollow part is filled with compacted, high-permeability gravels and can drain water via a vertical drain-pipe or sub-horizontal pipes connected to the slope surface. [2] [3]
Another type of weep is a tube that can be made formed by using hollow plastic or metal. The spacing between the tubes is about 16 inches (41 cm) apart. The installation of the tubes are done at angle to allow water to drip out. If the angle is too steep, the opening hole inside the wall cavity will be too high for water to come out.
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