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Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [1] The theory is a classification system intended to reflect the universal needs of society as its base, then proceeding to more acquired emotions. [18]
Human Scale Development is basically community development and is "focused and based on the satisfaction of fundamental human needs, on the generation of growing levels of self-reliance, and on the construction of organic articulations of people with nature and technology, of global processes with local activity, of the personal with the social, of planning with autonomy and of civil society ...
[10] [11] According to Deci and Ryan, three basic psychological needs motivate self-initiated behavior and specify essential nutrients for individual psychological health and well-being. These needs are said to be the universal and innate. The three needs are for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. [1]
Marshall Rosenberg's model of Compassionate Communication, also known as Nonviolent Communication (NVC) [13] makes the distinction between universal human needs (what sustains and motivates human life) and specific strategies used to meet these needs. Feelings are seen as neither good nor bad, right nor wrong, but as indicators of when human ...
In 1938, the American psychologist Henry Murray developed a system of needs as part of his theory of personality, which he named personology.Murray argued that everyone had a set of universal basic needs, with individual differences among these needs leading to the uniqueness of personality through varying dispositional tendencies for each need; in other words, a specific need is more ...
We can only satisfy our needs by satisfying the pictures in our quality world. All we do is behave. All behavior is total behavior and is made up of four components: acting, thinking, feeling, and physiology. All of our total behavior is chosen, but we only have direct control over the acting and thinking components.
In the 1990s, Ekman proposed an expanded list of basic emotions, including a range of positive and negative emotions that are not all encoded in facial muscles. [38] The newly included emotions are: amusement , contempt , contentment , embarrassment , excitement, guilt , pride in achievement, relief , satisfaction, sensory pleasure, and shame.
Behavior is also driven, in part, by thoughts and feelings, which provide insight into individual psyche, revealing such things as attitudes and values. Human behavior is shaped by psychological traits , as personality types vary from person to person, producing different actions and behavior.