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The most common was phlebotomy, or venesection (often called "breathing a vein"), in which blood was drawn from one or more of the larger external veins, such as those in the forearm or neck. In arteriotomy , an artery was punctured, although generally only in the temples.
The procedure involves the removal of the varicose veins through multiple small 2–3 mm incisions in the skin overlying the varicose veins. First the veins are marked with the patient in standing position. Then the patient is positioned on the operating table and local anesthesia is applied. Incisions are made using a surgical blade.
In contrast, phlebectomy is the removal of a vein. Phlebotomies that are carried out in the treatment of some blood disorders are known as therapeutic phlebotomies. [3] The average volume of whole blood drawn in a therapeutic phlebotomy to an adult is 1 unit (450–500 ml) weekly to once every several months, as needed. [4]
Among other things, Babcock developed a surgical procedure for the surgical removal of the saphenous veins of the legs in cases of varicose veins. [2] This operation was carried out using a probe that is inserted into the vein at the ankle, passed through to the groin and then pulled out of the leg again, with the glans-shaped probe taking the vein along with it.
Plasmapheresis (from the Greek πλάσμα, plasma, something molded, and ἀφαίρεσις aphairesis, taking away) is the removal, treatment, and return or exchange of blood plasma or components thereof from and to the blood circulation. It is thus an extracorporeal therapy, a medical procedure performed outside the body. [citation needed]
Lower extremity varicose veins is the condition in which the superficial veins become tortuous (snakelike) and dilated (enlarged) to greater than 3 mm (0.12 in) in the upright position. [24] Incompetent or faulty valves are often present in these veins when investigated with duplex ultrasonography .
Leukocyte reduction is the removal of white blood cells by filtration. Leukoreduced blood products are less likely to cause HLA alloimmunization (development of antibodies against specific blood types), febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction , cytomegalovirus infection , and platelet-transfusion refractoriness .
Follow-up chest X-ray after insertion of a port, with a malpositioned tip in the azygos vein. CT scan of the same patient confirming the position of the port tip in the azygos vein. A port is most commonly inserted as an outpatient surgery procedure in a hospital or clinic by an interventional radiologist or surgeon, under moderate sedation ...