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Andrew Carnegie (English: / k ɑːr ˈ n ɛ ɡ i / kar-NEG-ee, Scots: [kɑrˈnɛːɡi]; [2] [3] [note 1] November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late-19th century and became one of the richest Americans in history. [5]
In France, the city of Reims was chosen to be given a Carnegie library. The Carnegie Endowment offered the city of Reims a sum of US$200 000 (more of 3 million francs at the time) to build the new library. The construction of the Carnegie Library was entrusted to French architect Max Sainsaulieu (1870–1953).
Carnegie laying the foundation stone of the Waterford City Library (1903) Nearly all of Carnegie's libraries were built according to "the Carnegie formula", which required financial commitments for maintenance and operation from the town that received the donation. Carnegie required public support rather than making endowments because, as he wrote:
The history of libraries began with the first efforts to organize collections of documents.Topics of interest include accessibility of the collection, acquisition of materials, arrangement and finding tools, the book trade, the influence of the physical properties of the different writing materials, language distribution, role in education, rates of literacy, budgets, staffing, libraries for ...
What is now France made up the bulk of the region known to the Romans as Gaul. Greek writers noted the presence of three main ethno-linguistic groups in the area: the Gauls , Aquitani and Belgae . Over the first millennium BC the Greeks, Romans and Carthaginians established colonies on the Mediterranean coast and offshore islands.
Carnegie Institute of Technology (CIT), now part of the Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Museum of Art, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which awards the Carnegie Prize; Carnegie Museum of Natural History, featuring the famous Dinosaur Hall Carnegie collection, a series of educational figures based on the exhibits in Dinosaur Hall; Carnegie ...
The Gospel of Wealth asserts that hard work and perseverance lead to wealth. Carnegie based his philosophy on the observation that the heirs of large fortunes frequently squandered them in riotous living rather than nurturing and growing them. Even bequeathing one's fortune to charity was no guarantee that it would be used wisely, due to the fact that there was no guarantee that a charitable ...
At the age of seventeen, he married Magdalene Carnegie, [9] who was the youngest of six daughters [10] of David Carnegie (afterwards Earl of Southesk). They were parents of four sons, [10] among them James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose. Montrose traveled extensively in Europe through France, Italy and the German principalities.