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Peptidoglycan. The peptidoglycan layer within the bacterial cell wall is a crystal lattice structure formed from linear chains of two alternating amino sugars, namely N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc or NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc or NAM).
Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.129) is an enzyme used in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. It transfers a disaccharide-peptide from a donor substrate to synthesize a glycan chain. [1] This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases.
Divisome and elongasome complexes responsible for peptidoglycan synthesis during lateral cell-wall growth and division. [1]The divisome is a protein complex in bacteria that is responsible for cell division, constriction of inner and outer membranes during division, and peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis at the division site.
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
N-Linked glycans derive their name from the fact that the glycan is attached to an asparagine (Asn, N) residue, and are amongst the most common linkages found in nature. . Although the majority of N-linked glycans take the form GlcNAc-β-Asn [6] other less common structural linkages such as GlcNac-α-Asn [7] and Glc-Asn [8] have been obser
The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity. The final transpeptidation step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan is facilitated by penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). PBPs bind to the D-Ala-D-Ala at the end of muropeptides (peptidoglycan precursors) to crosslink the peptidoglycan.
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As shown in the figure to the right, the periplasmic space in gram-negative or diderm bacteria is located between the inner and outer membrane of the cell. The periplasm contains peptidoglycan and the membranes that enclose the periplasmic space contain many integral membrane proteins, which can participate in cell signaling.