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Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Ottoman empire, ca. 1897. The first church on the site was known as the Magna Ecclesia (Μεγάλη Ἐκκλησία, Megálē Ekklēsíā, 'Great Church') [19] [20] because of its size compared to the sizes of the contemporary churches in the city. [10]
Christ Pantocrator mosaic in Byzantine style from the Cefalù Cathedral, Sicily. The most common translation of Pantocrator is "Almighty" or "All-powerful". In this understanding, Pantokrator is a compound word formed from the Greek words πᾶς, pas (GEN παντός pantos), i.e. "all" [4] and κράτος, kratos, i.e. "strength", "might", "power". [5]
[10] [11] [9] The Hagia Sophia held the title of largest church in the world until the Ottoman Empire sieged the Byzantine capital. After the fall of Constantinople, the church was used by the Muslims for their religious services until 1931, when it was reopened as a museum in 1935. Translated from Greek, the name Hagia Sophia means "Holy ...
Hagia Sophia Church, Nesebar (in ruins) Nesebar: Bulgaria: late 5th - early 6th century Early Christian church Situated in the old quarter of the town which is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site list and of the 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria. The church has a total length of 25.5 m and a width of 13 m.
536 – Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus finished. 537 26 December: Hagia Sophia completed. Population: 300,000–500,000; 541 – Plague of Justinian kills 40% of the population. 543 – Column of Justinian erected. 545 – Wheat and wine shortage. 548 – Hagia Irene rebuilt. 550 – 28 June: Church of the Holy Apostles rebuilt.
Throughout the period of the siege of Constantinople, the trapped Christian worshippers of the city participated in the Divine Liturgy and the Prayer of the Hours at the Hagia Sophia and the church formed a safe-haven and a refuge for many of those who were unable to contribute to the city's defence, which comprised women, children, elderly ...
The early Byzantine architecture followed the classical Roman model of domes and arches, but further improved these architectural concepts, as evidenced with the Hagia Sophia, which was designed by Isidorus and Anthemius as the third church to rise on this location, between 532 and 537, following the Nika riots (532) during which the second ...
In 537, he completed the construction of a new patriarchal cathedral in the capital city of Constantinople that would be the global center of the Orthodox Church: the Hagia Sophia. At the time, it was the world's largest building and considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture. [9]