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Statue of Patañjali, its traditional snake form indicating kundalini or an incarnation of Shesha. The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali (IAST: Patañjali yoga-sūtras) is a collection of Sanskrit sutras on the theory and practice of yoga – 195 sutras (according to Vyāsa and Krishnamacharya) and 196 sutras (according to others, including BKS Iyengar).
The above photo is of a random, non-sequential sample page collection of a historic Yogabhasya manuscript. On the border in lower right corner is written "Ram", which sometimes marks the Hindu monastery tradition or Hindu temple the text was copied, studied or preserved in (in some cases, it represents the devotee's guru tradition).
Yogaśāstra (lit. "Yoga treatise") is a 12th-century Sanskrit text by Hemachandra on Śvetāmbara Jainism. [1] [2] It is a treatise on the "rules of conduct for laymen and ascetics", wherein "yoga" means "ratna-traya" (three jewels), i.e. right belief, right knowledge and right conduct for a Sadhaka. [2]
Patanjali (Sanskrit: पतञ्जलि, IAST: Patañjali, Sanskrit pronunciation: [pɐtɐɲdʑɐli]; also called Gonardiya or Gonikaputra) [a] was an author, mystic and philosopher in ancient India. He is believed to be an author and compiler of a number of Sanskrit works. [3] The greatest of these are the Yoga Sutras, a classical yoga text.
Pratyahara [1] [2] (Sanskrit: प्रत्याहार, romanized: Pratyāhāra) or the 'gathering towards' is the fifth element among the Eight stages of Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga, [3] as mentioned in his classical work, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali composed in the 2nd century BCE. [4]
Samyama is practiced consistently by yogis of some yoga meditation systems and schools, from simple meditation alone to week-long meditation retreats or more. Described in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, it comprises the three most mentally focusing "limbs" of Patanjali's Eight-limbed ("Astanga") in his Yoga Sutras.
His book, Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali with Bhasvati, is considered to be one of the most authentic and authoritative classical Sanskrit commentaries on the Yoga Sutras. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Hariharananda is also considered by some as one of the most important thinkers of early twentieth-century Bengal.
The Yogatārāvalī ("A String of Stars on Yoga" [1]) is a short yoga text of 29 verses from the 13th or 14th century, covering both haṭha yoga and rāja yoga (the yoga of Patanjali). It mentions the yogic sleep state of samadhi or yoganidra. The text was used by the author of the 15th century Haṭhapradīpikā.